Eugen Pavel

Dr. Eugen Pavel is a Romanian scientist and the inventor of the Hyper CD-ROM, a 3D optical data storage medium with a claimed initial capacity of 10 TB and with a theoretical capacity of 1 PB on a single disc. It is considered by some to be the next revolution in computer storage.

Dr. Pavel graduated with a physics degree from the University of Bucharest in 1976. He obtained his doctorate in Physics from the Romanian Institute of Atomic Physics in 1992. Eugen Pavel has published more than 40 books and articles, and he is the holder of 62 patents and patent applications.

The Hyper CD-ROM is a tridimensional multilayer optical memory, based on the phenomenon of controlled extinction of the fluorescence. The Hyper CD-ROM allows the recording of information inside the “shelves” of a glass disk using laser beams. Such a glass disk has a storing capacity of over 10,000 Gigabytes (GB) of memory - an amazing size in comparison with those developed by the highest level computer firms and benchmarks - that allows storing of approximately 10 million books of standard format. It is in fact, an “optic tridimensional multilevel memory” so it can store data in over 10,000 different levels inside a glass disk 10 mm high and 120 mm in diameter. The most attractive aspect is that the support for storage (i.e. fluorescent photosensitive glass) is a very stable in time medium (information can be read during all the life of the glass - estimated to at least 5,000 years). Great IT companies as IBM, HP Compaq or Philips are very interested in this revolutionary technology.

Eugen Pavel won: The 'WIPO Award for the Best Inventor', granted by World Intellectual Property Organization; 'Prize of the World Periodical Press Organization' and 'Gold Medal' at Brussels Eureka: 48th World Exhibition of Innovation, Research and New Technology; 'Gold Medal' at 32nd International Exhibition of Inventions, New Techniques and Products of Geneva; 'Prize of the Romanian Academy of Sciences for Physics'; 'Grand Prize of the Kent Premium Lights Annual Awards for Innovation' granted by British American Tobacco; Prize 'Prof. Ing. Dimitrie Leonida' granted by Romanian Technical Museum.

Eugen Bădărău

Eugen Bădărău (October 2, 1887, Folteşti, Galaţi - March 11, 1975, Bucureşti), great Romanian physicist, "the father of plasma physics".


Eugen absolved the College in Chişinău in 1905 and continued his studies at Technische Hochschule in Graz, Austria, and at the University of Pisa, Italy (1907-1911). Here, he obtained the PhD (1912) under the leadership of Prof. Batelli with the thesis “Constanta dielettrica dei gasi”. Between 1915-1918 is firstly assistant and then docent-professor at the Faculty of Sciences, University of Petersburg. Between 1918 and 1921 he was professor at the Photo-Technical Institute of Petersburg (Leningrad). In 1921 he returned in Romania and was appointed as professor at the University of Cernăuţi. In 1935 Eugen Bădărău moves to the University of Bucharest as full professor.


In 1948 he was elected member of the Romanian Academy. After the foundation of the Institute of Physics of the Academy, Professor Bădărău became the vice-director of this Institute. From 1956 to 1970 (his retiring year) was director of the Institute of Physics in Bucharest. The scientific work of Professor Eugen Bădărău comprise 120 original memoirs, papers, reviews and books, in the field of electrical discharges in gases and plasma physics, acoustics, optics and spectroscopy.

Ştefan Procopiu

Ştefan Procopiu (January 19, 1890 - August 22, 1972) was a great Romanian physicist.

Ştefan Procopiu was born in Bârlad. He attended the Gheorghe Roşca Codreanu High School in Bârlad from 1901 to 1908, continuing his studies at the Faculty of Sciences of the "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iaşi from 1908 to 1912. After graduation he became assistant to professor Dragomir Hurmuzescu.

In 1919 he obtained a scholarship to continue his studies in Paris, attending courses of famous scientists, such as Gabriel Lippmann, Marie Curie, Paul Langevin, Aimé Cotton. On 5 March 1924, Procopiu obtained the title of doctor in physics with the thesis "On the electric birefringence of suspensions" presented to a commission including professor Aimé Cotton as coordinator and Charles Fabry and Henri Mouton as cross-examiners.

After his return to Romania in 1925, he was professor of the gravitation, heat and electricity department of the "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iaşi, replacing his former teacher Dragomir Hurmuzescu, who had retired. Procopiu coordinated the department until his retirement in 1962. At the same time he was appointed professor at the "Gheorghe Asachi" Polytechnic Institute of Iaşi. In 1939 Ştefan Procopiu published his treatise on "Electricity and Magnetism", followed in 1948 by his monography on “Thermodynamics”.

On June, 1948 he was appointed corresponding member of the Romanian Academy, being promoted to full membership on July 2, 1955. In 1964 he was awarded the Romanian State Prize. He was also decorated with the Order of Work (Ordinul Muncii), Order of the Star of Romania and the Order of Scientific Merit. Procopiu was also selected twice as member in the Commission for the award of the Nobel Prize.

Ştefan Procopiu was also deeply involved in the cultural life of the city of Iaşi. He was an active member of the Board of Directors of the National Theatre “Vasile Alecsandri” of Iaşi. Ştefan Procopiu died on August 22, 1972 in Iaşi age 82.


Scientific activity

Ştefan Procopiu started scientific research even before graduating. He continued this activity while he was assistant professor.

The magnetic moment of electrons
The first important paper by Ştefan Procopiu is "Determining the Molecular Magnetic Moment by M. Planck’s Quantum Theory". After studying Planck’s quantum theory and Langevin’s magnetism theory, established the magnetic moment and determined the physical constant of magnetic moment, named magneton. Ştefan Procopiu published his results two years before Niels Bohr made the same discovery independently. The magneton is now known as Bohr-Procopiu magneton. Continuing his studies, in 1954 he established a method for the experimental determination of the magneton, which he improved in 1963.

Other research before and during World War I
Ştefan Procopiu also worked on wireless communications and in 1913 published a paper on “Experimental Research on Wireless Telegraphy”. In 1916 he invented a device for locating and establishing the depth of bullets in the bodies of the wounded soldiers.

Longitudinal depolarization of light
In 1921, Procopiu discovered and analyzed in the Physics Laboratory of Sorbonne University a new optical phenomenon which consisted in the longitudinal depolarization of light by suspensions and colloids. In 1930, the occurence was designated as "Procopiu Phenomenon". Part of this reasearch was included in Procopiu's doctoral thesis.

Electromotive force of galvanic elements
Thus, in 1930, studying the Barkhausen effect, Ştefan Procopiu discovered a circular effect of magnetic discontinuity. In 1951, this effect was named "Procopiu Effect". This discovery had important applications in the development of the memory of computers.

Studies of the earth magnetism
Earth’s magnetism was a continuos concern of Stefan Procopiu, For 25 years he studied this phenomenon in Romania and developed the magnetic maps of the country. He also identified the magnetic anomaly located on the Iasi-Botoşani. In 1947, Procopiu identified a variation of the earth's magnetic field, with a periodicity of cca, 500 years, indicating that, starting 1932 earth’s magnetic moment increases from the Ecuator to the poles.