Secession Style in Oradea
In the early 20th century, in Oradea is spreading a new style, creating a stylistic diversification based on assumption of inventions and originality. The new style, Secession, had two great periods - the curvilinear and floral one, and a second with simpler geometric forms. The most important architects of this current were: Komor Marcell, Jakab Dezsö, Sztarill Ferenc, Mende Valér, Vágó József & Laszló, Rimanóczy Kálman junior. Their works were inspired by the Munich, Berlin, Vienna and Budapest Secession.
Black Eagle Palace (Komor Marcell & Jakab Dezsö, 1907-1908)
Rimanóczy Jr. Palace (Orthodox Bishopric Palace; Rimanóczy Kálman Jr, 1912)
Advocates' Association House (Rimanóczy Kálman Jr, 1909)
Markovits Mathezer House (1911)
Bölöni House (Cercul Militar; Rimanóczy Kálman Jr, 1912)
Moskovits Palace 1 (Rimanóczy Kálman Jr, 1905)
Moskovits Palace 2 (Vágó Jozsef & László, 1910-1911)
Darvas La Roche House (Vágó Jozsef & László, 1910-1911)
Vágó House (Vágó Jozsef & László, 1905)
Ullman Palace, (Löbl Ferenc, 1913)
Deutsch House (Sztarill Ferenc, 1906-1910)
Poynar House, (Sztarill Ferenc, 1910-1911)
Sztarill Palace (Emke Café, Hotel Astoria; Sztarill Ferenc, 1902-1906)
Rimanóczy Sr. Palace (Rimanóczy Kálman Sr.)
Apollo Palace (Rimanóczy Kálman Jr, 1912)
Stern Palace, (Komor Marcell & Jakab Dezsö, 1904-1905)
Adorján House 1 (Komor Marcell & Jakab Dezsö, 1903)
Adorján House 2 (Komor Marcell & Jakab Dezsö, 1904-1906)
Fuchsl House (Komor Marcell & Jakab Dezsö, 1904)
Camera de Comerţ şi Industrie (Komor Marcell & Jakab Dezsö, 1906-1907)
Secession Style in Timişoara
The "Little Vienna" tag is particularly pertinent in this delightful city which boasts a wealth of Secessionist (Art Nouveau or Jugendstil) architecture.
Timisoara developed considerably during the late 19th century and early 20th century, during which period significant technical advances were made; first town in Europe to have gas street lighting (1857), one of the first to introduce trams, and the first in Romania to have a public water supply. It had also become the the communications and administrative hub of the Banat with the coming of the railway, the canal and improved roads. This period saw considerable expansion with new well-planned districts of housing and factories being created south and east of the Bega Canal - in particular Iosefin, Elisabetin and Fabric. This wave of construction attracted many creative, imaginative designers during the opening years of the 20th Century, drawing their inspiration from the architects of the Austro-Hungarian Empire to which the Banat still belonged. Most significant at this time were the pioneers of the Jugendstil (Art Nouveau or Secessionism) such as Ödon Lechner in Hungary and Otto Wagner in Austria.
The Secessionism developed in two distinct architectural phases in Timisoara, the first which was typified by sinuous lines and floral decorations lasted until 1908. The secomd phase, which continued until the first world war, saw simpler, larger buildings with geometrical designs. Notable among these architects of the Art Nouveau in Timişoara were Laszlo Szekely (1877-1934) who designed both municipal buildings and factories, in addition to residential apartments and villas, and Martin Gemeinhardt. In many respects it is the abundance of Secessionist architecture that has provided Timişoara with its rather appropriate tag,"Little Vienna".
Banca de Scont (Marcell Komor and Dezso Jakab, 1906-1908)
Banca de Scont, detail
Banca de Scont, detail
Banca de Scont
Peacock House, detail (Martin Gemeinhardt, 1905)
Peacock House, detail (Martin Gemeinhardt, 1905)
Piarists' College (László Székely, 1907-1912)
Piarists' Church (László Székely, 1907-1912)
Neptun Public Baths (László Székely, 1913)
National Bank of Romania (Hubert, 1903-1904)
The Old Slaughterhouse (László Székely, 1904)
Brück Apartments (László Székely)
Emmer House (László Székely)
Dauerbach Palace (László Székely)
Hilt Palace (Hilt & Vogel Apartments, László Székely)
Széchenyi Palace (Szechenyi Company Apartments, László Székely, 1913)
Neuhausz Palace (Neuhausz Apartments, Anton Merbl, 1911)
Merbl Palace (Anton Merbl, 1911)
Weiss Palace (Weiss Apartments, László Székely, 1911)
Lloyd Building (now part of the Polytechnic University, Lipot Baumhorn, 1912)
Lloyd Building (closer view)
Löffler Palace (Leopld Löffler, 1912-1913)
Serbian Bishop's Palace (László Székely, 1907)
Fabric Synagogue (or Sinagoga Maura, Lipot Baumhorn, 1899)
City Alms House, detail (László Székely, 1908-1909)
Union Place
Timisoara developed considerably during the late 19th century and early 20th century, during which period significant technical advances were made; first town in Europe to have gas street lighting (1857), one of the first to introduce trams, and the first in Romania to have a public water supply. It had also become the the communications and administrative hub of the Banat with the coming of the railway, the canal and improved roads. This period saw considerable expansion with new well-planned districts of housing and factories being created south and east of the Bega Canal - in particular Iosefin, Elisabetin and Fabric. This wave of construction attracted many creative, imaginative designers during the opening years of the 20th Century, drawing their inspiration from the architects of the Austro-Hungarian Empire to which the Banat still belonged. Most significant at this time were the pioneers of the Jugendstil (Art Nouveau or Secessionism) such as Ödon Lechner in Hungary and Otto Wagner in Austria.
The Secessionism developed in two distinct architectural phases in Timisoara, the first which was typified by sinuous lines and floral decorations lasted until 1908. The secomd phase, which continued until the first world war, saw simpler, larger buildings with geometrical designs. Notable among these architects of the Art Nouveau in Timişoara were Laszlo Szekely (1877-1934) who designed both municipal buildings and factories, in addition to residential apartments and villas, and Martin Gemeinhardt. In many respects it is the abundance of Secessionist architecture that has provided Timişoara with its rather appropriate tag,"Little Vienna".
Baroque Palace of Oradea
radea (Hungarian: Nagyvárad, German: Grosswardein) is the capital of Bihor County. The Baroque Palace of Oradea (Romanian: Palatul Baroc din Oradea or Muzeul Ţării Crişurilor), also known as The Bishopric Palace of Oradea, was founded in 1762 by the Baron Bishop Adam Patachich, as the Roman Catholic Bishopric Palace of northern Transylvania. The palace was built in the same time with the Romano-Catholic Basilica and the Canonic Line from nearby; together, these buildings form the most important Baroque complex from Romania, and one of the most representative from Europe.
The building started in May 23, 1762. The first architect was Giovani Battista Ricca and next the famous Austrian architect Anton Franz Hillebrandt, designer of many Austrian palaces and one of Europe's 18th century best, who designed the palace and planned the city's posh side as Baroque quarter, while engineer A.J. Neumann was in charge of the palace's massive construction, complete with its 365 exterior windows resembling the days of the year and 120 large, extravagant rooms distributed on three floor plans.
The architecture of the palace is of late Austrian Baroque style, a more sober and practical type compared to the overly ornamented French Baroque. The building was meant to resemble on a smaller scale the famous Royal Belvedere Palace of Vienna, which likely was one of the reasons along with other religious conflicts that made Empress Maria Theresa of Austria repudiate the founder, Baron Adam Patachich, the bishop of Oradea between 1759 and 1776; he was then sent to another diocese, in Kalocsa, Hungary. Nevertheless, the baron was a charismatic, highly educated humanist and an illuminated patron of arts, who is mostly remembered for the fine music and musicians he surrounded himself with: this is where Michael Haydn, famous composer and Joseph Haydn's brother, worked as a Kapellmeister in the bishop's orchestra. The bishop also employed at the court other famous European composers and violinists like Wenzel Pichl and Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf, who between 1765-1769 served as a Musikdirektor. Finally, in 1771, the Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa of Austria, together her son, future Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, arrived here to visit and make peace with a place whose project she did not initially fancy. In 1773 the palace unfortunately burned down entirely in a mysterious fire, but was reconstructed immediately by the next appointed bishop, after its original plans. In the year 1855, a new side and entrance was added graciously in tone and respect with the initial building, with grand double stairways.
Later in time, after Romania re-gained possession of Transylvania, it remained under the church's patronage but during the socialist regime, it was seized as state property. On January 17, 1971, the Baroque Palace became a county museum hosting many large and fine archeological, historical, natural history, ethnographic and art collections under the name of "Muzeul Ţării Crişurilor" ("Museum of the Three Rivers Land"). The museum has approximately 400,000 pieces divided under four main collections: History and Archeology, Ethnography, Art and Natural History.
The palace has a U shape, 3 levels, with a broken roof specific to the Austrian Baroque. On the main facade is the central ornament, decorated symmetrically with columns with Ionic caps, garlands, having a unique distinction, and putting into value the access gates and the windows from the 1st floor, ended on the superior side with a triangle fronton. The interior of the palace is impressive by the rigorous of the space organization and the decorative sobriety, characteristics present in the central hall and at the level of the reference floor to which there is a monumental stair. The rest of the rooms from the 1st floor are decorated in the Austrian Baroque style: column with Corinth caps, diverse stucco ornaments, glazed ceramics stoves, fireplaces with colored marble. The Festive Hall is impressive by the painted ornaments of Renaissance inspiration, signed Francisc Storno (1879).
The front courtyard is an artistic park with large old bronze and marble statues of historical figures and also home to a famous Baroque parish church erected in 1752 even before the palace, a work of the Italian architect Giovanni Battista Ricca modeled after the mother church of the Jesuits, Church of the Gesú in Rome. The basilica contains the relics of King Saint Ladislaus, born in year 1040, a splint of his skull being kept here in a gold box. In 1992, Pope John Paul II through the Vatican's decree, raised the church to a holy basilica rank.
In 2003, like many other edifices, The Baroque Palace of Oradea was restored to the Roman Catholic Church by the Government of Romania, but the building is still being used as a museum until further negotiations are made. (Internet infos compilation)
The building started in May 23, 1762. The first architect was Giovani Battista Ricca and next the famous Austrian architect Anton Franz Hillebrandt, designer of many Austrian palaces and one of Europe's 18th century best, who designed the palace and planned the city's posh side as Baroque quarter, while engineer A.J. Neumann was in charge of the palace's massive construction, complete with its 365 exterior windows resembling the days of the year and 120 large, extravagant rooms distributed on three floor plans.
Later in time, after Romania re-gained possession of Transylvania, it remained under the church's patronage but during the socialist regime, it was seized as state property. On January 17, 1971, the Baroque Palace became a county museum hosting many large and fine archeological, historical, natural history, ethnographic and art collections under the name of "Muzeul Ţării Crişurilor" ("Museum of the Three Rivers Land"). The museum has approximately 400,000 pieces divided under four main collections: History and Archeology, Ethnography, Art and Natural History.
The palace has a U shape, 3 levels, with a broken roof specific to the Austrian Baroque. On the main facade is the central ornament, decorated symmetrically with columns with Ionic caps, garlands, having a unique distinction, and putting into value the access gates and the windows from the 1st floor, ended on the superior side with a triangle fronton. The interior of the palace is impressive by the rigorous of the space organization and the decorative sobriety, characteristics present in the central hall and at the level of the reference floor to which there is a monumental stair. The rest of the rooms from the 1st floor are decorated in the Austrian Baroque style: column with Corinth caps, diverse stucco ornaments, glazed ceramics stoves, fireplaces with colored marble. The Festive Hall is impressive by the painted ornaments of Renaissance inspiration, signed Francisc Storno (1879).
The front courtyard is an artistic park with large old bronze and marble statues of historical figures and also home to a famous Baroque parish church erected in 1752 even before the palace, a work of the Italian architect Giovanni Battista Ricca modeled after the mother church of the Jesuits, Church of the Gesú in Rome. The basilica contains the relics of King Saint Ladislaus, born in year 1040, a splint of his skull being kept here in a gold box. In 1992, Pope John Paul II through the Vatican's decree, raised the church to a holy basilica rank.
In 2003, like many other edifices, The Baroque Palace of Oradea was restored to the Roman Catholic Church by the Government of Romania, but the building is still being used as a museum until further negotiations are made. (Internet infos compilation)
Shepherds' bulz
The bulz is a traditional Romanian meal, made by highlanders, very simple but delicious.
The basic recipe is as following: prepare a medium-hard polenta of water, corn flour and salt. Shape balls of polenta with the size of a medium apple, including inside butter and cheese. Place in oven or on a grill until it becomes crispy on the surface. Cheese should melt inside.
One can add little pieces of sausage, bacon, pieces of boiled eggs and so on.
The basic recipe is as following: prepare a medium-hard polenta of water, corn flour and salt. Shape balls of polenta with the size of a medium apple, including inside butter and cheese. Place in oven or on a grill until it becomes crispy on the surface. Cheese should melt inside.
One can add little pieces of sausage, bacon, pieces of boiled eggs and so on.
Mititei
Mititei or mici (Romanian for little or small ones) is a traditional Romanian dish, grilled minced-meat rolls made from beef (usually mixed with mutton and pork), which contain garlic, black pepper, thyme, coriander, anise, savory and sometimes a touch of paprika. Sodium bicarbonate (and sometimes broth or water) is also added to the mixture. It is best served accompanied by mustard and beer. Ideally the mustard should not contain too much vinegar, because the sour taste does not fit with the mititei. The mititei are very popular in Romania. Legend has it that mititei were invented one evening at an inn called La Iordachi (At Iordachi) in Bucharest, well-known for its sausages, when the kitchen ran out of casings, although similar dishes exist across the whole of Eastern Europe, such as the ćevapčići in the Balkans. Nowadays, it is very popular sold as fast-food or in restaurants close to traffic. They are also sold as processed food in supermarkets.
Here is a recipe for mici:
Ingredients:
One third each ground pork, lamb and beef for a total of 2-2.5 lbs meat
1 tablespoon baking soda
2 tablespoons salt
1 tablespoon pepper
1/2 tablespoon coriander
1/2 tablespoon cumin
1/2 tablespoon dried thyme
10 cloves garlic
1/4 cup water or vegetable/beef stock
Preparation:
Mix well all the ingredients together
Beat either water or vegetable/beef stock into the mixture
Leave mixture in fridge to set for a couple of hours or ideally overnight - this is an important step that aids the meat in coming out tender
Form into little 3-4 inch sausage shapes
NOTE: Keep a bowl of water handy to wet hands (this prevents the meat from sticking to fingers).
Grill on very hot grill, turn once
Serve with bread rolls and light mustard
Add a cold beer and a lazy summer evening and you are in heaven!
Here is a recipe for mici:
Ingredients:
One third each ground pork, lamb and beef for a total of 2-2.5 lbs meat
1 tablespoon baking soda
2 tablespoons salt
1 tablespoon pepper
1/2 tablespoon coriander
1/2 tablespoon cumin
1/2 tablespoon dried thyme
10 cloves garlic
1/4 cup water or vegetable/beef stock
Preparation:
Mix well all the ingredients together
Beat either water or vegetable/beef stock into the mixture
Leave mixture in fridge to set for a couple of hours or ideally overnight - this is an important step that aids the meat in coming out tender
Form into little 3-4 inch sausage shapes
NOTE: Keep a bowl of water handy to wet hands (this prevents the meat from sticking to fingers).
Grill on very hot grill, turn once
Serve with bread rolls and light mustard
Add a cold beer and a lazy summer evening and you are in heaven!
Ţuica
Ţuica is a traditional Romanian alcoholic beverage made from plums.
Traditionally, ţuica is prepared from early October until early December (after winemaking is complete). The process must generally be finished before Christmas, as not to leave unfinished business for the next year. The plums must be left for fermentation for 6–8 weeks, in large barrels. According to both tradition and Romanian standards, distillation must be done in a brass still, using a traditional fire source (generally wood, but also charcoal). Distillation can be done inside a specially built barn (this is practiced especially in Oltenia and Wallachia) or outdoors, usually on a hill (in Transylvania). The temperature is controlled traditionally by interpreting the sounds that the still makes and by tasting the brew at different points in the process. After distillation, ţuica may be left to age between six months and ten years in oak aging barrels (the result is pearlescent yellow, has a strong aroma, and is known as "old ţuică", or it may be consumed immediately (new ţuică). Mixed with water, ţuică should never turn white or opaque. Most ţuică is moonshine, prepared using traditional methods, both for private consumption and for sale. Although this is illegal, the government tolerates these practices, and does not consider this bootlegging, due to the nature of the drink. Some communities have acquired production licenses and legally produce and bottle țuică.
A famous type is "ţuica cu fruct". This is basically a glass bottle of old ţuică containing a whole fruit (usually an apple or a pear). This is obtained by hanging empty bottles on trees in spring or early summer, and growing the fruit inside the bottle.
Normally, ţuica is only consumed before the meal, usually alongside some telemea cheese, olives, tomatoes and onions. In most cases, only a shot is served as it's too strong to be sipped. The drink is also present in all traditional parties such as weddings, baptisms, hunting parties, harvest festivals, religious holidays, family reunions, and wakes. In most of rural Romania, ţuica is the usual drink to hold a toast with, rather than wine, which is almost always consumed towards the end of the party. Usually it is drunk before meal, as it increases appetite.
Traditionally, ţuica is prepared from early October until early December (after winemaking is complete). The process must generally be finished before Christmas, as not to leave unfinished business for the next year. The plums must be left for fermentation for 6–8 weeks, in large barrels. According to both tradition and Romanian standards, distillation must be done in a brass still, using a traditional fire source (generally wood, but also charcoal). Distillation can be done inside a specially built barn (this is practiced especially in Oltenia and Wallachia) or outdoors, usually on a hill (in Transylvania). The temperature is controlled traditionally by interpreting the sounds that the still makes and by tasting the brew at different points in the process. After distillation, ţuica may be left to age between six months and ten years in oak aging barrels (the result is pearlescent yellow, has a strong aroma, and is known as "old ţuică", or it may be consumed immediately (new ţuică). Mixed with water, ţuică should never turn white or opaque. Most ţuică is moonshine, prepared using traditional methods, both for private consumption and for sale. Although this is illegal, the government tolerates these practices, and does not consider this bootlegging, due to the nature of the drink. Some communities have acquired production licenses and legally produce and bottle țuică.
A famous type is "ţuica cu fruct". This is basically a glass bottle of old ţuică containing a whole fruit (usually an apple or a pear). This is obtained by hanging empty bottles on trees in spring or early summer, and growing the fruit inside the bottle.
Normally, ţuica is only consumed before the meal, usually alongside some telemea cheese, olives, tomatoes and onions. In most cases, only a shot is served as it's too strong to be sipped. The drink is also present in all traditional parties such as weddings, baptisms, hunting parties, harvest festivals, religious holidays, family reunions, and wakes. In most of rural Romania, ţuica is the usual drink to hold a toast with, rather than wine, which is almost always consumed towards the end of the party. Usually it is drunk before meal, as it increases appetite.
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